In his book, Barry says that the gauze masks city officials claimed were “99 percent proof against influenza” were in reality hardly effective at all. Britain braces for sub-zero temperatures with frost, fog and wintry... Nicola Sturgeon reveals Alex Salmond messages LIVE on television as she faces claims of withholding... UK records 12,872 new Covid cases - just 9% more than last Sunday's adjusted total - and 65 deaths,... Boris dumps Trump? When the general population started becoming infected, Wilmer Krusen, the city's public health director, insisted that the parade, which was to raise money through war bonds, move forward. Of course, the Spanish flu was a much more violent illness than the coronavirus, where only 19% of those infected become severely ill. Dehner, the author, told the site that St. Louis was able 'to flatten the curve,' which means a virus spread is slowed. The influenza pandemic of 1918 came in three waves. Know the latest in healthcare industry with our Healthcare newsletter. George Dehner, author of Global Flu and You: A History of Influenza, says that while Krusen’s decision to hold the parade was absolutely a “bad idea,” Philadelphia’s infection rate was already accelerating by late September. Before a case of the influenza had been confirmed, the city's health commissioner, Dr Max Starkloff, warned the public to avoid crowds in a St. Louis Post-Dispatch editorial, according to History.com. 'The Liberty Loan parade probably threw gasoline on the fire, but it was already cooking along pretty well,' George Dehner, author of Global Flu and You: A History of Influenza, told History.com. Barry writes that infectious disease experts warned Krusen that the parade, which was expected to attract several hundred thousand Philadelphians, would be “a ready-made inflammable mass for a conflagration.”. On September 28, 1918, around 200,000 people flocked to the city's sidewalks to see soldiers and marching bands file down the street. There is still no consensus about where or which country this particular strain of influenza originated. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group. "Interestingly, if you look at the data from St. Louis, you notice that their epidemic curve shows two peaks in the fall and early winter of 1918-19," said Erausquin. And this can provide some insight as cities and states struggle to figure out when to lift social-distancing measures. We took a 4-hour flight on the new Delta Airbus jet that Boeing tried to keep out of the US. There is still no consensus about where or which country this particular strain of influenza originated. The parade isn't all to blame, though. 'That magnifies whatever problems you're already having.'. Thanks to the quarantine, St. Louis’ death rate was lowest among the 10 biggest cities at the time. This second wave was when the pandemic was at its most deadliest. Chaos as shoppers 'pack in like sardines' into Manchester's Trafford Centre to buy... 'Now you have a President who's immune!' In the US, about 675,000 people died of the 22 million who caught the flu. The virus swept the world between 1918 and 1919. California governor William Stephens declared that it was the “patriotic duty of every American citizen” to wear a mask and San Francisco eventually made it the law. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Seventy-two hours later, every one of Philadelphia's 31 hospitals to be full and 2,600 people soon died, according to History.com. As a result, San Francisco ended up suffering some of the highest death rates from Spanish flu nationwide. “Having multiple institutions involved also underscored for the public that the flu outbreak was something to take seriously – that it was important to take these actions for the collective good,” said Erausquin. Philadelphia and St. Louis were both hit by the flu outbreak of 1918-19, but one city suffered a death rate of approximately 358 per 100,000 people, whereas the other suffered 748 deaths per 100,000. Just look at Philadelphia in 1918, and the spread of the flu. Businesses and schools shuttered. George Dehner, author of Global Flu and You: A History of Influenza, told History.com that St. Louis was able 'to flatten the curve.' And, just like now, with no cure or vaccine in sight, the measures implemented to combat the virus varied from city to city. It did this too early, and flu deaths went up again. In San Francisco, health officials put their full faith behind gauze masks. Uncertainty unspooled and panic was palpable. "The mayors of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh disagreed with the governor of Pennsylvania on the appropriate pandemic response." Flu and flu-related pneumonia killed almost 3,000 St. Louisans in the last three months of 1918. Erausquin also said that social distancing can “create some major challenges,” particularly for those whose income depends on their ability to leave home and go to work, such as service workers. By mid-September, the Spanish flu was spreading like wildfire through army and naval installations in Philadelphia, but Wilmer Krusen, Philadelphia’s public health director, assured the public that the stricken soldiers were only suffering from the old-fashioned seasonal flu and it would be contained before infecting the civilian population. According to a 2007 analysis of Spanish flu death records, the peak mortality rate in St. Louis was only one-eighth of Philadelphia’s death rate at its worst. The virus spread to Philadelphia on September 19, 1918, through the Philadelphia Navy Yard, UPenn states. Above, mask-wearing members of the Red Cross Motor Corps carry a patient on a stretcher in October 1918. Above, women, who were part of the St. Louis Red Cross Motor Corps, wear masks and hold stretchers at the back of ambulances in October 1918. It didn't reach the US until the spring of 1918, among military personnel, the CDC says. These social distancing tactics had a big effect on how the Spanish flu played out in the city, with research showing that St. Louis ended up with less than half the per-capita flu deaths of Philadelphia. "The goal of social distancing and isolation is to lower the peak mortality rate. "I think this is a key lesson for us with the current pandemic: We need to keep social distancing measures in place long enough. By clicking ‘Sign up’, you agree to receive marketing emails from Business Insider The influenza pandemic of 1918 came in three waves. 1918 was a very different time from today, but there are still lessons that we can draw from how Philadelphia’s slow action to respond to the pandemic left its citizens dangerously vulnerable. Another advantage that St. Louis had was that their cases "started a few weeks after Philadelphia's, so they had additional lead time to plan and to have at least some communication between public health authorities and physicians.". Philadelphia and St. Louis were both hit by the flu outbreak of 1918-19, but one city suffered a death rate of approximately 358 per 100,000 people, whereas the other suffered 748 deaths per 100,000. Follow Business Insider Australia on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram. We spoke with a social epidemiologist who said that policymakers should prolong social distancing measures or else suffer St. Louis's mistake of lifting them too early and enduring a second wave of infection and death. Meanwhile, after the virus moved from the military to the civilian population, health officials in St. Louis immediately ordered closings and banned public gatherings, which kept the disease 'from exploding overnight as it did in Philadelphia,' according to History.com. Once public health officials knew the disease had jumped from military barracks and infiltrated the city's population, Starkloff immediately closed schools, theaters and pool halls, according to History.com, and public gatherings were banned. In fact, from September through February of that winter, the flu death rate was approximately 358 per 100,000 people in St. Louis and 748 per 100,000 in Philadelphia, according to a study in JAMA. Other factors contributed to the flu's spread, including high population and poor working and living conditions. Philadelphia and St. Louis were both hit by the flu outbreak of 1918-19, but one city suffered a death rate of approximately 358 per 100,000 people, whereas the other suffered 748 deaths per 100,000. “Leadership is critical, and the public benefits from clear messaging.”, Also important? Eventually, Philadelphia followed suit. 16:56 27 Mar 2020, updated 00:43 28 Mar 2020. In About-Face, UK Will Not Allow Huawei To Be Involved In Any Part Of... Universal Orlando Parks Will Reopen June 5 Despite Risk Of... Pro-Privacy Lawmakers Secure A Vote To Protect Browsing Data From... Jurassic World: Dominion Is Definitely Not The Planned End Of The... White Twitch Talk Show Host Finally Drops 'Rajj Patel' Moniker, Everything We Know About The PlayStation 5. While some things still remain unclear about the deadly pandemic, the toll it took is not: at least 50 million people died and nearly a third of the world's population was infected. The highly contagious virus was brutal: 'Victims died within hours or days of developing symptoms, their skin turning blue and their lungs filling with fluid that caused them to suffocate,' according History.com. Nonetheless, the city decided to move forward with the Liberty Loan Parade on September 28, 1918, seen above. The secret to a happy marriage? A secondary goal is to lower cumulative excess mortality. When it was all over, the Spanish flu killed an estimated 675,000 Americans among a staggering 20 to 50 million people worldwide. WATCH: The Spanish Flu Was Deadlier Than WWI. Just 72 hours after the parade, all 31 of Philadelphia’s hospitals were full and 2,600 people were dead by the end of the week. A secondary goal is to lower cumulative excess mortality. How long will it take?

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