He insisted that he be allowed to return to the War Office, in preference to the Intelligence Department, and was able to attain the post through the highest parliamentary and military influence. Du Paty declared: "They are from Matthew Dreyfus"; Bertillon said: "It is the writing of the bordereau." Proust and Dreyfus: excerpt from the newly translated 'Gaslight', by Joachim Kalka To this day it seems an impossible endeavor: to find a convincing explanation for the hatred, intransigent and immune to reason and scruple, with which the right persecuted Dreyfus even after his innocence became evident. Picquart told General de Boisdeffre about his discovery, and upon the order of the general and of the minister of war, Jean-Baptiste Billot, he was directed to continue his inquiry as quietly as possible. The other side of representation: critical theory and the new cognitivism. This is what he had done notably in 1894, the year of the discovery of the bordereau, whose alleged writing cost Dreyfus the condemnation. "Le Procès Dreyfus Devant le Conseil de Guerre de Rennes," I. 14, No. This only caused him to insist more firmly that immediate steps should be taken. Picquart realised that if Esterhazy, as the handwriting seemed to indicate, were the author of the bordereau, Dreyfus must be the victim of a judicial error. All rights reserved. Picquart meanwhile was unaware that in his own office he was spied upon, opposed, and deceived by his fellow workers, Henry, Lauth, and Gribelin. Gonse and Boisdeffre believed or pretended to believe in its authenticity, and convinced General Billot. Captain Lauth felt the note might mean that there was another traitor among the officers. Cuers told Foucault that Germany had never employed Dreyfus, that the only French officer who was in Germany's pay was a major of infantry who had furnished some sheets from lectures held at the shooting school at Châlons. He did not have any reason to defend the judgment of 1894, for he had had nothing to do with it, and learned for the first time the contents of the secret dossier. He put the "petit bleu" away in his strong-box, and shortly afterward had photographs of it taken by Lauth. Picquart found that ordinary measures – secret searches in his rooms, opening of his correspondence, examination of his desks – were of no avail, because Esterhazy had been warned. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. https://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+art+of+distinction%3a+Proust+and+the+Dreyfus+Affair.-a014333045. If it is not certain that Henry was Esterhazy's accomplice, it seems very probable that from the end of 1894 he knew him to be the author of the bordereau. Despite Proust's narrator's insistence on the roles of desire and the imagination in the private representation of the event, however, references to the Affair in the intervening volumes of A la recherche du temps perdu emphasize not only its reception in various social milieux but also the function of the Dreyfus Affair as a mechanism in society at large. Meanwhile, Henry told General Gonse that it would be advisable to put the secret dossier of the Dreyfus case out of the way. Gonse answered by vaguely advising him to act with prudence, and was opposed to the "expertises" in handwriting that Picquart requested. To access this article, please, Vol. Not long after the condemnation of Alfred Dreyfus, the military counter-intelligence section at the French War Ministry had a change of leadership. Privacy policy | Proust helped to organize petitions and assisted Dreyfus’s lawyer Labori, courageously defying … Picquart's Investigations of the Dreyfus Affair, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Picquart%27s_investigations_of_the_Dreyfus_Affair&oldid=977168756, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2010, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 September 2020, at 08:57. When Proust started mentioning the Dreyfus Affair in The Guermantes Way, I put aside the novel to go and search about it on Wikipedia.It turns out there are 30 pages that give a good overlook on the affair. However, Esterhazy had been warned, and not only was it impossible to surprise him in any compromising visit, but he showed himself openly at the German embassy, to which he went to ask for a passport for his colonel. Chekhov and Mark … Shofar publishes original, scholarly work and reviews a wide range of recent books in Judaica. Characters and characteristics in literature. Copyright 1992 Gale, Cengage Learning. Proust and Dreyfus: An Excerpt from Joachim Kalka's 'Gaslight'. Picquart immediately drew up a report and brought it to Boisdeffre, who ordered Picquart to relate his story to the deputy-chief of the staff, Charles Arthur Gonse. Proust himself, rather heartlessly we may feel, thought Dreyfus was lucky, because he was the victim of an error, and errors, unlike old age, bereavements and what Proust called the … Chekhov and Mark Twain wrote about it. And when Picquart told him the letters were of recent date, he declared: "The Jews have, for the past year, been training some one to imitate the writing; he has succeeded in making a perfect reproduction.". "8 In other words, the Recherche is a work of speculation and creativity, which does not have to bear faith-ful witness to the salons of the Faubourg Saint-Germain or to Jewish society in general.9 In addition, society of the Belle Époque was hardly a closed caste. A few days later Henry brought him a letter written in blue pencil from Alessandro Panizzardi which, he said, he had just found among some scraps in Madame Bastian's paper bag on 31 October. He discovered that the documents in the dossier contained absolutely nothing that applied, or could be made to apply, to Dreyfus. The Dreyfus family was pursuing an inquiry and was getting ready to publish a pamphlet demanding the revision of the case. Founded in 1981, Shofar is a peer-reviewed journal that is published quarterly by Purdue University Press on behalf of the University’s Jewish Studies Program. For webmasters, COPYRIGHT 1992 Johns Hopkins University Press. The Dreyfus Affair (and other ‘conflicts of the Fin de Siècle’) had many faces and the final, if long delayed result of Dreyfus’s rigged prosecution was his rehabilitation, a victory for justice and not for rabid nationalism. Login via your 440, 441, Paris, 1900. The general received Picquart, listened to his revelations, and concluded that they must "separate the two affairs," that of Dreyfus and that of Esterhazy. All Rights Reserved. Shofar 3, Special Issue: JEWISH STUDIES IN FRANCE (Spring 1996), Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. One of them, Henry, had served with Esterhazy at the Intelligence Office, and had been his friend and debtor since 1876, although he pretended to know very little about him. This article had been brought to "L'Eclair" by a contributor to the Petit Journal. Gonse removed the dossier on 30 October. Immediately upon his arrival, he reorganized the service, which had been neglected during the prolonged illness of Sandherr. In the Swabian backwater of Hemmingen, Baroness Spitzemberg, the widow of Wurttemberg's envoy to Berlin, noted in her famous diary after Dreyfus's second conviction in 1899: "It is incredible … In a doctoral thesis, Huguette David notes that a considerable … On looking at them Picquart discovered that the writing was identical with that of the bordereau attributed to Dreyfus. Lauth later brought his chief a pneumatic tube telegram (commonly known as a "petit bleu"), the fragments of which he had found in the bag; pasted together, they contained the following words: To Major Esterhazy, 27 Rue de la Bienfaisance, Paris. It was a letter in a feigned handwriting written in the German style, pretending to be addressed to Dreyfus by a friend named Weiss or Weill, and referring to "interesting documents" written in invisible ink. Boisdeffre went with him to the minister, who rebuked Picquart soundly for having let information leak out and for having seized Esterhazy's correspondence without authorization. He obtained the secret dossier communicated to the judges in 1894, and which had been stored since then in Henry's safe. He learned that Esterhazy collected information on confidential military questions, particularly those concerning mobilization and artillery. He wished to make sure of his impression, so he showed some photographs of these letters to Armand du Paty de Clam and Alphonse Bertillon. The Staff Office blamed Picquart for these embarrassing facts coming into the open, and decided that his departure from the service should be arranged. The chief of the staff, Raoul Le Mouton de Boisdeffre, told Picquart that in his opinion the Dreyfus affair was not definitely settled. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. When Colonel Picquart expressed his doubts to Gonse, the latter answered: "When a minister tells me anything I always believe it.". For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions In reality, the letter brought for comparison contained fraudulent additions hinting at a Jewish traitor, while the new document was a complete forgery executed by one of Henry's customary forgers named Lemercier-Picard, who later admitted to Count Tornielli that he had written it. ©2000-2020 ITHAKA. In 2012, publishing within Purdue Libraries was reorganized in order that staff with skills in this area could also serve the less formal scholarly publishing needs of the Purdue community (e.g., the production of technical reports, conference proceedings, preprint collections, student journals) while still maintaining the Press's reputation for excellence in producing peer-reviewed books and journals in subjects relevant to the University. Feedback | He insisted to General Gonse that the initiative should come from the Staff Office to investigate. The anti-Jewish press inveighed against the accomplices, the protectors of the traitor; a member of the Chamber, André Castelin, announced that at the opening of the next session he would formally question the ministry on the subject. Copyright © 2020 Farlex, Inc. | The letter said: The writing was apparently Panizzardi's, and in order to compare it Henry produced an earlier letter, supposed to have been taken from the waste of the secret dossier, written with the same pencil, on the same sort of paper ruled in squares, and containing the same signature. Picquart now set to work in earnest to get samples of Esterhazy's handwriting, and he succeeded in obtaining two letters which the major had written. The memoir laid bare the inconclusive character of the incriminating document (without, however, publishing it), and affirmed, in opposition to "L'Eclair," that it bore only the initial "D" and not the name "Dreyfus". Two days later Castelin's interpellation was made, but it failed in its purpose. © 1996 Purdue University Press But he did not act. In recognition of his past services he was not disgraced, but was ordered to set out immediately to inspect the intelligence service in the east of France, and to resign his position to General Gonse. One day he sent Madame Bastian's paper bag, particularly bulky on this occasion, to Picquart without looking at the contents. This item is part of JSTOR collection It had been obtained from the handwriting expert Teyssonnières, who had kept a photograph of the document. He was authorized for the sake of appearances to continue his investigations concerning Esterhazy, but he was forbidden to take any decisive steps or to have Esterhazy arrested.

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