found that ‘women are less likely than men to submit to journals with higher impact factors, and they are also more likely to have an article rejected without review’. 2.836 Q1. Historical organizational memory is in some ways better positioned to extend concepts from retrospective organizational memory, as the former contrasts memory with history. Our first exemplar (Ybema, 2014) defines history as a field of discursive struggle over the meaning of the past (see Table 5). The impact factor (IF), also denoted as Journal impact factor (JIF), of an academic journal is a measure of the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. This is an area where management scholars ought to develop greater literacy with historiography and historical theory (Suddaby, 2016), without misrepresenting the content and nature of these debates. is 0.65, which is computed in 2019 as per it's definition. However, their four positions conflate history and memory – for example, history-as-rhetoric encompasses memorialization and strategic forgetting, practices clearly based on collective remembering and not history. The h-index is a way of measuring the productivity and citation impact of the publications. Suddaby et al. 0.326 (2014) 0.301 (2015) 0.231 (2016) 0.223 (2017) 0.367 (2018) 0.285 (2019) The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. This engagement requires recognition of the intellectual origins of historical concepts, for example invented tradition and imagined communities, which engage with collective memory. There is no consideration of archival methods, as history is meant to be represented by published corporate histories, with the use of fieldwork and interviews emphasizing the importance of the present over the past. However, arguably neither is objective (Burke, 1989), for instead each conceives differently not just the way in which we can know about the past, but also why we might want to know about it. This position is the least well developed of the four and uses retrospective methods in the service of writing history – a practice that is well established in the discipline of history and institutionalized as oral history. Dual integrity particularly foregrounds ‘history-as-conceptualizing’ as a vehicle for generating theory, which closely aligns with the inductive theory building approach of common qualitative research templates (Langley and Abdallah, 2011). This responds to the call by Smith and Russell (2016) for ‘polyphonic constitutive historicism’, which advocates capturing diverse voices in organizations, rather than the voices of a few elite individuals, here inviting us to extend our analytical focus beyond the kinds of elite organizations we usually consider in research investigations. It is in this sense that we advance a theoretical stance of historiographical reflexivity as a vehicle for developing our understanding of key issues related to the past. Historiography provides important conceptual, theoretical and methodological insights that are new to organization studies, but that require reflexive engagement to fully realize their potential. In a rare exception, Suddaby and Foster (2017: 20) show how such conceptualizations of the past can determine what kind of theories – in this case of organizational change – can be developed: ‘Our explicit theories of change and our ability to change, thus, vary by our implicit models of history’. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 0.367. In practice, organizational research has thus far mostly failed to consider these questions as central to studying the past, and instead appears largely to have conflated them. History and memory embody different assumptions about the nature of the past, yet they clearly co-exist in modern societies and in academic research practices. Ybema (2014) follows an approach based on the ‘inventions of tradition’ literature (Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983), in juxtaposing the historiography of the organization with competing recollections of organizational members in the present. Given ‘Studying organizational secrecy presents severe methodological problems … [for] … that which is secret is inaccessible to researchers’, Grey argues that ‘historical analysis is virtually the only way of studying’ this issue validly. Hatch and Schultz challenge the notion that forgetting can be permanent in organizational contexts – because artefacts carry the ‘spirit of the past’, which can be distributed through narratives both within and beyond the organization, and thus cast forward into the future. It means 19 articles of this journal have more than 19 number of citations. Cruz explains in detail how she used retrospective methods to get ‘closer’ to this account of the past, documenting intimately the impact the past has had in the present. Some forms of historical organization studies may draw on history in a purely empirical sense in that the past provides the data (Kipping and Üsdiken, 2014). Advocates of a ‘reconceptualization’ of organization studies (Zald, 1993), or a ‘historic turn’ (Clark and Rowlinson, 2004), have promoted greater engagement with the humanities and historiography (Booth and Rowlinson, 2006). Whereas historical approaches traditionally favoured social rather than narrative documents, increasingly the latter are used to answer questions that focus on (past) actors’ memory, identity and sensemaking. Both exemplars therefore employ archival sources and historical contextualization to challenge the ‘hypermuscular’ (Lubinski, 2018) depiction of the creators of rhetorical histories by demonstrating that these accounts are better understood as collectively shaped accounts of the past. There is broad agreement that the past is gone and hence ontologically inaccessible (Collingwood, 1946; Mills et al., 2013; Munslow, 1997; Trouillot, 1995), so neither history nor memory can claim superior or more objective knowledge. In contrast, approaches such as rhetorical history focus on historical narratives and their construction, and employ standard qualitative research methods such as (anonymized) interviews and observations to investigate occurrences in the present. © Royal Society of Chemistry 2020. Rethinking History is published by Routledge. In: Piekkari R and Welch C (eds). Historiographical reflexivity foregrounds insights from historiography, and reflexively adapts them to organizational theorizing. Retrospective organizational memory exemplars. 3, Johnson outlines her data collection as largely archival, with additional documents from major research libraries, but otherwise provides surprisingly few methodological pointers. shows a rising trend. History is viewed as a symbolic site of conflict over the direction of organizational change, rather than a tool to legitimize it. We call this historiographical reflexivity, which considers historiography as a key resource for concepts, theories and methods. One of the first examples of this kind of approach is the work of Rowlinson and Hassard (1993), whose account of how the British chocolate confectionery company, Cadbury, constructed its history for a centenary in 1931 draws on the concept of invented tradition (Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983) (see Table 6). The historic turn in organization studies has led to greater appreciation of the potential contribution from historical research. Journal Indexing & Metrics » Journal Home. The past is the empirical setting in which to analyse the processes by which historical contexts are incorporated into new organizations. This mode of enquiry is well developed and has been coined to describe research which has ‘dual integrity’, meeting the expectations of an engagement with theory in organization studies, as well as providing verifiable citations to archival sources that define history (Maclean et al., 2016; Rowlinson et al., 2014). Hutton, 1993). To further elaborate the centrality of historiographical reflexivity for organizational research, we develop an alternative framework that proposes different modes of enquiry for comprehending the organizational past. Although some organization scholars have outlined the importance of clearly defining the key concepts of past, history and memory (Ravasi et al., 2018; Suddaby et al., 2010), the recent proliferation of concepts has highlighted considerable ambiguity. However, in their study of German reunification, Maclean et al. Although ontologically inaccessible, collecting data on the past can be a better option when the research site in the present is just as inaccessible. Thus, history is not considered a replacement for organizational theories (Kieser, 1994: 619), but as a means to enrich the ‘positivistic programme of theoretical and empirical accumulation’ (Zald, 1993: 516). The e-mail addresses that you supply to use this service will not be used for any other purpose without your consent. Do B, Lyle MCBB and Walsh IJ (2019) Driving down memory lane: The influence of memories in a community following organizational demise. Of the two, retrospective organizational history is certainly the less developed, with few examples of methodological or empirical work beyond the exemplars. Researchers may either seek to elicit sensemaking or focus on maximizing accurate recall. The two modes of enquiry we propose therefore differ from existing practice in historical organization studies and retrospective organizational memory, both of which do not always sufficiently question whether history can only be researched with archival methods and memory with retrospective methods. Our next exemplar focuses on microprocesses of organizational remembering at the Carlsberg Group (Hatch and Schultz, 2017). These debates have particular relevance for organizational memory studies, which are increasingly connected with historical organization studies. These histories were based on archival research and in some cases retrospective interviewing, especially in respect of the most recent and widely drawn upon corporate history (1996). Is memory just a less rigorous form of history – deemed acceptable as a substitute when no adequate archival records have survived – or is history merely providing the content and narrative for collective memory? Historical organization studies reconstruct the past from sources. Her article showed how German companies’ narratives of shared Aryan heritage ceased to be accepted by their Indian audiences once Hitler’s overtly racist speech contradicted their underlying intent. Archival methods investigate traces of the past, which are referred to as sources – with such sources being analysed and triangulated with other sources as part of a verification logic (Rowlinson et al., 2014: 258), and different types of source analysis sharing common features (Howell and Prevenier, 2001; Kipping et al., 2014; Rowlinson, 2004; Stoler, 2009).

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