It shows: Sphenoidal crest articulates with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid leading to formation of a part of the septum of nose. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702043369000585, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416002925000103, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416056546000325, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123821843000015, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444534859000301, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124167063000027, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444529039000133, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128009451000422, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323044561500066, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128020302000030, Endocrinology, Brain, and Pituitary Gland, Richard E. Jones PhD, Kristin H. Lopez PhD, in, Human Reproductive Biology (Fourth Edition), Maria Peris-Celda, ... Albert L. Rhoton, in, Handbook of Neuro-Oncology Neuroimaging (Second Edition), The sella turcica is a bony depression in the, Essential Clinical Anatomy of the Nervous System, Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology (Second Edition), Handbook of Veterinary Neurology (Fifth Edition), Increase in the production and release of corticosteroids, Development of the corpus luteum and stimulation of ovulation, Growth hormone receptors throughout the body, Cell reproduction, growth and regeneration, TSH receptors in follicular cells of the thyroid gland, Production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) to increase metabolism, Oxytocin receptor (found in endometrium, myometrium and throughout the central nervous system), Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The greater part of the bone is ossified in cartilage. The sphenoid sinus opens through the sphenoid ostia into the nasal cavity. FIGURE 2.7. 5a. The sella turcica is a bony depression in the sphenoid bone. The anterior clinoid processes are located at the medial end of the lesser wings, the middle clinoid processes are lateral to the tuberculum sellae, and the posterior clinoid processes are situated at the superolateral margin of the dorsum sellae. In patients with a condition called neurofibromatosis type 1, characterized by discoloration of the skin as well as the development of tumors in the skin, brain, and other parts of the body, the sphenoid wings can become malformed due to improper cellular development. The optic canals are situated above and are separated from the superomedial margin of the superior orbital fissure by the optic strut, a bridge of bone that extends from the lower margin of the base of the anterior clinoid process to the body of the sphenoid. It consists of a central part and two wing-like structures that extend sideways toward each side of the skull. Fracture of the sphenoid bone, often occurring when the orbit or base of the skull are impacted. 7.1); anatomical variations are common and can influence the presenting visual symptoms and signs in chiasmal disorders. 4]: a central, consisting of the body and small wings, and two lateral, each comprising a great wing and pterygoid process. The lesser wing (ala minor sv. This page was last edited on 9 May 2020, at 13:16. The pterion and the “keyhole” are two important anatomical landmarks in the region of the greater wing in the lateral view (see Figure 10-5). The proximal dural ring is located along the inferior border of the lateral opticocarotid recess and its projection extends medially toward the tuberculum recess (yellow dotted line). Anatomy Structure . Those that are uncrossed continue in the lateral chiasm into the ipsilateral tract. Sphenoid bone anatomy is complex, not only because of its strange shape but also because of its many articulations with other bones. Luckily, today doctors are better able than ever before to take on issues of the sphenoid bone. The cavernous sinuses rest against the sphenoid bone and intercavernous venous connections line the walls of the pituitary fossa and dorsum sellae. The front-facing portion helps make up the nasal cavity, while its sides contribute to the formation of the optic canal, a tunnel that allows the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to pass through. CN VI is located medial to V1. Its external surface is related to the temporal, infratemporal, and pterygopalatine fossa. In addition, this bone articulates with (connects to) with a number of other bones along its sides, including the parietal bone, ethmoid, zygomatic, temporal, palatine, and vomer bones to make up a space to house the brain and allow for nerves and other structures to pass to and from there.. Soon after, the centers for the postsphenoid part of the body appear, one on either side of the sella turcica, and become blended together about the middle of fetal life. The intercavernous sinus that connects paired cavernous sinuses, runs between the meningeal and periosteal layers of the dura. Rarely the chiasm may fail to develop (achiasmia). Body of the Sphenoid Bone . Patients studied have associated midline developmental disorders but intact fields; the visual-evoked potential characteristically is monocular (Sami et al., 2005). The depth of the sella turcica is the greatest distance between the floor and a perpendicular line connecting the tuberculum and dorsum. Lying in this depression is a round ball of tissue, about 1.3 cm (0.5 in) in diameter, called the pituitary gland or hypophysis (Figure 1.9). The epipterygoids have extended into the wall of the cranium; they are referred to as alisphenoids when separate in mammals, and form the greater wings of the sphenoid when fused into a larger structure. 4. In the anterior view the sphenoid bone resembles a bat with wings outstretched (see Figure 10-5). D, The dura covering the pituitary gland and sellar diaphragm has been removed to show the sellar and suprasellar regions, and cavernous sinus. The superior surface features: ethmoidal spine: prominent spine that articulates with the cribriform plate and grooved on either side by olfactory lobes of brain Working in concert with the orbital floor, the primary function of the sphenoid bone is to help form the base and sides of the skull. Portions of this bone also are components of the facial skeleton. This bone helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the orbits (eye sockets). The recess has a triangular shape and corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the optic strut base. The lateral pterygoid muscles arise between the infratemporal crest and the lateral pterygoid plate. It somewhat resembles a bat with its wings extended, and is divided into a median portion or body, two great and two small wings extending outward from the sides of the body, and two pterygoid processes which project from it below. Any part of the carotid prominences can be present and the others absent. 5. We hate spam as much as you do. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. The important anatomic features of the sphenoid sinus include the sellar prominence in the center, carotid prominences laterally, and optic canals superiorly. Figure 31.2. F, Anteromedial view of the left cavernous sinus. The central portion that runs along the midline, the body of the sphenoid bone rests between the wings and forms several important structures. In the superior view, the pituitary fossa occupies the central part of the body and is bounded anteriorly by the tuberculum sellae and posteriorly by the dorsum sellae (see Figures 10-1 and 10-6). cavernous; Clin., clinoid; Infraorb., infraorbital; Intercav., intercavernous; Hyp., hypophyseal; Med., medial; Men., meningeal; Opticocar., opticocarotid; Lat., lateral; Lig., ligament; Mand., mandibular; Max., maxillary; OS, optic strut; Periost., periosteal; Seg., segment; Sph., sphenoid; Sup., superior; Symp., sympathetic; Turb., turbinate; Rec., recess. There are different patterns of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus of importance in surgery that can be divided into three major types in the adult: conchal (the inferior part of the sella is solid bone, 1–5%), presellar (the air cavity does not penetrate beyond a vertical plane parallel to the anterior sellar wall, 23–24%) and the most common, the sellar type in which the pneumatization extends posteriorly below the sellar floor up to the clivus (67–76%). Carotid sulcus lodging cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery, These are asymmetrical air sinuses in the body of the sphenoid, closed by Sphenoidal conchae. RhotonJR., in Transsphenoidal Surgery, 2010. (2003) ISBN:B0084AQDG8. B, Diagram showing the intracranial relationships of the recesses and prominences of the sphenoid sinus. E, Anteromedial view of the left cavernous sinus. The height of a normal gland can be up to 9 mm.4 The gland tends to enlarge during puberty and pregnancy.

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