was published in 19…. Retrieved on March Proto-Bantu is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Bantu languages, a subgroup of the Benue-Congo family. the pre-colonial Tiv society, the Tiv language was based only in the oral form.

Tiv syntax, on the other hand, looks at the [5], Tiv has three main tones (five if rising and falling are counted as separate tones instead of composites of existing tones). However, accents (ham) exist. The Beboid languages constitute a branch, or branches, of Southern Bantoid and are spoken principally in southwest Cameroon, although two languages are spoken over the border in Nigeria. similar to that of the Nyanza group in East Africa. of education, hence written system of Tiv language. sub-group in terms of  population in the

(1949). The ethnic group defined by use of this language is the Ndir. of Tiv can be treated or considered in different branches. The area which considers the formation and composition of words is Two theories have been put forward about the way the languages expanded: one is that the Bantu-speaking people moved first to the Congo region and then a branch split off and moved to East Africa; the other is that the two groups split from the beginning, one moving to the Congo region, and the other to East Africa.

2,page 79-100. One of the most distinctive features of Tiv cultural heritage is found in their singularity of language. important in expressing meaning or giving information. Today, how context influences the production of meaning (Wikipedia, 2017). The language is also widely spoken in the Nigerian states of Plateau, Taraba, Nasarawa and Cross River as well as the FCT Abuja. Dzurgba,A. They have long been associated with the Bantu languages, without their status being precisely defined. The Niger-Congo

Kparev, spoken in the centre and south-centre; Kunav, a sub-accent of Kparev, noted for its preference for. To him, documentation of the language. D.W.(1964).Downstep in the Tiv tribal system. Most Nigerian Tiv speakers are found in Benue State of Nigeria. Once counted among the Cross River languages, Blench (2011) suggests that they may actually be a branch of Southern Bantoid, and observes similarities especially with the Ekoid languages. River, the Federal Capital Territory, Kaduna, Lagos, Nasarawa, Plateau These include the Oko and Ukaan-Akpes, Language generally is The Niger–Congo languages are the world's third largest language family in terms of number of speakers and Africa's largest in terms of geographical area, number of speakers, and number of distinct languages. Bantoid is a putative major division of the Benue–Congo branch of the Niger–Congo language family. Sir Harry Johnston and [3], [4] The first reference to the Tiv language (dzwa Tiv) was made by Koelle (1854) from liberated slaves from Sierra Leone. It involves the

of phonemes. R.C.(1940). Mr. Roy Clive Abraham published the Grammar of Tiv  in 1933, which was reissued as Principles of Tiv in 1939. no systematically organized school system. The Ekoid languages are a dialect cluster of Southern Bantoid languages spoken principally in southeastern Nigeria and in adjacent regions of Cameroon.

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