It contained about 1,200 lodges and perhaps 1,500 warriors. I also like how you mentioned the memorialization aspect of the site as well as the historical significance of the excavation (putting the soldiers to rest and learning more about what actually went on during the battle). More warriors indicated the confrontation occurred east of the river. One, known as Magpie, shouted, “Get away as fast as you can, don’t wait for anything, the white men are charging!” Red Feather could see soldiers firing into Sitting Bull’s camp. Encircled by well over 2,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, he boldly issued orders for the defense of the regiment, assessed his commander’s medical condition, and fought heroically until the very end of the battle under a most-galling fire, most likely the last cavalryman to fall in action. Custer himself proceeded along the ridgeline east of the river with five remaining companies and divided them once again at the head of Medicine Tail Coulee at approximately 4:00 PM, sending C, I, and L Troops forward along the ridge, while E and F Troops rode down the coulee to attack the hostile village directly across the river. 22). One of the 10...claimed to have killed Custer himself. They did not make it to the river, he said. It has been said that we will never know what happened there because there were no survivors. Flying By rode Battle Ridge to the north where he saw bodies of the soldiers who had been killed all the way along his path. “This is a non-destructive technique wherein a small area on the surface of an object is bombarded with x-rays, causing the metal atoms to emit secondary X-rays (energy) that are characteristic of the elements present”(par. Yonder are other soldiers!” Peering downriver, Wooden Leg saw them on the distant hills. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. While they ate breakfast, his uncle said, “After you are through eating you had better go and get the horses, because something might happen all at once, we never can tell.”. Richard Coles, child psychologist and author. Certainly, there was no Last Stand as in the 1941 movie They Died With Their Boots On, but there was a stand. What is known, beyond any doubt, is that Lieutenant Colonel (brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer, age 36, entered the Little Bighorn Valley of south-central Montana on June 25, 1876, with approximately 657 soldiers of the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment, expecting to find no more than 800 hostile Indians. There was no ambush. “There was no fighting on the creek,” Standing Bear said. Runs the Enemy noticed two Indians waving blankets on the eastern bluffs. Bobtail Horse, who was right there, indicated without hesitation that they were all on the east bank, on the same side as Custer. Burch, J. R. (2013). His famous horse, Comanche, was not killed or captured by the Indians for the same reasons, and was later found alive, literally the only surviving, cavalry eyewitness to the battle at Custer Hill. The area was described as a rugged field near a river named after the site of the battle. The warriors merely divided into two groups, one staying between the noncombatants and Custer and the other circling his rear. George was right-handed, however, and there were no powder burns on his skin, so this was not considered a suicide. The specifics of the battle were unknown besides the basics,  until the archaeological expeditions and testimonies revealed more data. While it would have been nice to have these rapid-fire (each averaging six rounds per second) weapons available for the battle, their loss ultimately would not have changed the inevitable outcome. Or maybe not. The Custer known to the average American is a myth...There is a Custer mystery...and out of this very fact grew the fictions, inventions, and fantastic legends that together form the Custer Myth.”. For the first time he saw Custer and his men pouring over a hill. There are also many misconceptions about Lt. Col. George A. Custer and the 7th Cavalry, among them being that Custer had long yellow hair and that he and his regiment carried sabers into the battle. When he turned to the river, he heard a man’s voice calling out that more bluecoats were moving to attack the lower village, American Horse’s own people. Interpretation should be based on historical and physical evidence whenever possible. Custer was not “crazy” for attacking. Recovery involved the restorations of the objects found and surveying included the written analysis of the location of the object. The cavalrymen never stood a chance against such intense and overwhelming firepower. But they swiftly encountered a massive encampment of approximately 8,000 to 12,000 Sioux and Cheyenne natives, of whom at least 2,500 to 3,000 (according to Chief Crazy Horse) were young warriors between the ages of 15 and 37. Identifying Archaeological Metal – Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes 4/1. In the case on Angkor Wat, looters have also been a big issue since the site was first rediscovered in 1860. The time spent in their fight and the results of their shooting are all the evidence we need to show that they defended their ground tenaciously. They did not all die. David Michlovitz concluded for Warfare History Network on August 27, 2015, that, “At the end, Tom fought like a demon possessed.”, Rain-in-the-Face, who had been captured, imprisoned, and beaten by Tom Custer in December 1874, before escaping in April 1875, was virtually the only Sioux warrior who actually recognized both of the Custer brothers on sight. Battle relics and bones have been found virtually on every part of the Little Bighorn Battlefield. Custer now knew his scouts were right. In ur site’s case, the erosion completely changed the composition of the field where as the erosion within the structures of Angkor Wat have resulted in a loss of decorative surface and in turn changed much of the composition from the original site as well. (2017, September 11). His scouts told him a large village was there. (1985). You’ve missed the fight!” Short Bull called to him. The first two guns were left behind at Fort Lincoln, and he apparently took the Webley into battle with him. Lone Bear said the fight on Custer Hill was at close quarters, and, “There was a good stand made.”, Gall neared the end of the ridge where the last soldiers were making a stand, he said, and, “They were fighting good.”. ( Log Out /  One Bull found a vantage point on the hill and saw more troops coming from the south, leading what appeared to be pack mules. And this is where the official version of the story, as told by the National Park Service and the U.S. Army, differs substantially from the Army’s own initial reports, and the direct, eyewitness testimony of countless witnesses on both sides of the battle. The overwhelming mountain of evidence clearly shows that George A. Custer bravely led the cavalry charge at Medicine Tail Coulee, but, as so often happens to soldiers at the very front of any formation in battle, he was, in fact, shot out of his saddle and mortally wounded in the chest, just below the heart, at approximately 4:21 PM, while in the middle of the Little Bighorn River. Although some soldiers ran from Custer’s Hill, they did hold their ground and fight from their position as long as they could. Major Marcus Reno himself, an actual participant in the battle, accurately confirmed this incident just four years later, writing that, “We now know that Custer headed down to the river at Medicine Tail Coulee...(and) came face-to-face with 10 Sioux warriors (actually, four Cheyenne and six Sioux), all of whom fired on him. Custer did listen to his scouts. However, similar cartridges and shells were used during reenactments so they had to examine closely to identify real artifacts. It is said that Custer foolishly divided his force and allowed the regiment to be defeated in detail. Lone Bear watched as large numbers of warriors, both mounted and on foot, crossed over to the east bank and started after Custer before he reached the stream. Deal with it. It is incredible that diametrically opposed historical and archaeological interpretations are presented as facts. Prior to the battle of Little Bighorn in Montana, the tribal armies, under the direction of Sitting Bull, had decided to wage war against the whites for … Each man also carried a Colt 1873 Single-Action Army revolver, a fine weapon, with six rounds loaded, and 18 more rounds on their ammo belts. It has several quotes from Indians and soldiers who said they saw bodies in the ravine. Red Hawk was fighting Reno’s men, but went north in time to see a second group of soldiers coming down the ridge in three divisions. The archeological excavations further revealed that the soldiers on Custer Hill fired only 1,000 to 1,800 rounds of ammunition during the entire, 55-minute battle there, averaging only about six rounds per man.

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